Causes and Risk Factors of Stillbirth

Causes and Risk Factors of Stillbirth

Stillbirth is a heartbreaking pregnancy loss that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation. It can happen due to various medical, genetic, and lifestyle-related factors. Understanding the causes and risk factors is crucial for prevention and ensuring a healthy pregnancy.

Common Causes of Stillbirth

1. Placental Problems – Issues like placental abruption (where the placenta detaches from the uterus) or insufficient oxygen and nutrient supply can lead to stillbirth.

2. Preeclampsia and High Blood Pressure – Conditions that restrict blood flow to the placenta can result in fetal distress and stillbirth.

3. Infections – Bacterial and viral infections in the mother, placenta, or fetus can contribute to pregnancy complications.

4. Chromosomal Abnormalities – Genetic disorders affecting fetal development can lead to stillbirth.

5. Umbilical Cord Accidents – Knots or compression of the umbilical cord can cut off oxygen supply to the baby.

6. Maternal Health Conditions – Chronic diseases like diabetes, kidney disease, and autoimmune disorders can increase the risk of stillbirth.

7. Preterm Labor – Early labor can sometimes lead to complications resulting in stillbirth.

8. Birth Defects – Structural abnormalities in the fetus that impact vital functions may lead to pregnancy loss.

9. Lack of Fetal Growth (IUGR) – Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is when the baby does not grow at the expected rate, increasing the risk of stillbirth.

Risk Factors for Stillbirth

• Maternal Age – Women above 35 years are at a higher risk.

• Previous Pregnancy Loss – A history of miscarriage or stillbirth increases future risks.

• Multiple Pregnancies – Twins or triplets are at a greater risk due to complications.

• Obesity – Excess weight is associated with diabetes, high blood pressure, and other pregnancy risks.

• Smoking, Alcohol, and Drug Use – These substances can affect fetal development and oxygen supply.

• Poor Prenatal Care – Lack of proper medical check-ups may prevent early detection of complications.

• Prolonged Pregnancy (Post-term) – Delivering after 42 weeks can increase stillbirth risk.

Preventing Stillbirth

While not all cases of stillbirth can be prevented, certain measures can help reduce the risk:

• Regular Prenatal Check-ups – Monitoring fetal health helps detect complications early.

• Healthy Lifestyle – Maintaining a balanced diet, exercising moderately, and avoiding harmful substances.

• Managing Health Conditions – Controlling conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure with medical guidance.

• Monitoring Fetal Movements – Noticing any decrease in fetal activity and seeking immediate medical attention.

• Optimal Delivery Timing – Discussing with doctors the right time for delivery to prevent complications.

When to Seek Medical Help

If you experience reduced fetal movement, severe abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, or any other concerning symptoms, consult a healthcare provider immediately.

Conclusion

Stillbirth is a tragic event, but understanding its causes and risk factors can help expectant mothers take necessary precautions. At Harsh Hospital, Himatnagar, our expert team provides the best prenatal care to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy. For more information and consultations, visit us today.